Grammar gerunds and infinitives learning how to use gerunds and infinitives is one of the most challenging aspects of learning english. Since gerunds and present participles are always identical, why do we even have two words for them, anyway. The four types of gerunds and gerund phrases follow. Infinitives and gerunds verb patterns test english. Gerund and infinitive phrases university of texas at dallas. Esl conversation questions gerunds and infinitives. Sometimes you will be unsure if you need to use an infinitive or a gerund in a sentence. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a verb. Online pd courses with dozens of topics to choose from for your ceu credits and building new skills. Jan, 2018 the word leaving is a gerund that serves the same purpose as a noun. The term verbal indicates that a gerund, like the other two kinds of verbals, is based on a verb and therefore expresses action or a state of being. Gi003 gerund or infinitive fill in the correct form intermediate.
The redcard holders write down verbs followed by gerunds. Depending upon the verb and accompanying meaning, the object may be an infinitive or a gerund. The gerund always has the same function as a noun although it looks like a verb. Gerunds used as subjects level intermediate answer key my notes 1. Gerunds and infinitives some important rules the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun.
Gerunds common verbs followed by gerunds a gerund is a noun formed by taking a verb and adding the suffix ing. A verbal is a word formed from a verb but functioning as a different part of speech, usually a noun. For this reason, here you have a deep explanation of all their uses. The perfect gerund shows that the action of the ingform happened before the action. If you think thats a silly and outdated reason, youre not alone. However, as subjects or complements, gerunds usually sound more like normal, spoken english, whereas infinitives sound more abstract. Gerund and infintive b1 pdf worksheets english practice. Divide students into three groups, ideally of three or four students. You can use a gerund as the object of a preposition. Apr 17, 2015 english learners have difficulty with gerunds and infinitives.
The ed form of a regular verb is its past participle. Irregular verbs form their past participles in various ways for example, bend. Following a verb gerund or infinitive both gerunds and infinitives can replace a noun as the object of a verb. Go to the main gerunds and infinitives explanation page here. English practice downloadable pdf grammar and vocabulary worksheets. When a verb is in its infinitive state, it has no subject or object. Exercise 3 in pdf here choose the gerund or infinitive for a list of twenty verbs. The passive voice all tenses he is too young to be allowed to be here. When gerunds combine with other words to form phrases, we have the gerund phrase. The gerund is followed by a modifying adverbial phrase, forming a gerund phrase.
In the following sentences, gerunds sound more natural and would be more common in everyday english. In the case of participles, name the noun or pronoun they qualify. Infinitive and gerund infinitive after an adjective example. Using gerunds and infinitives gerunds and infinitives are verb forms that can take the place of a noun in a sentence.
In the case of gerunds, state what function they serve in the sentence. State whether the ing forms given in the following sentences are participles or gerunds. This worksheet is designed to be used in conjunction with unit 7. Forms of the gerund active voice passive voice simple losing being lost perfect having lost having been lost the simple gerund refers to the present or future. A gerund, which functions as a noun, can consist of a single word or a phrase. Learning to use gerunds and infinitives can feel a bit overwhelming at first. Click here to download this exercise in pdf with answers. Home english grammar exercises infinitives gerunds exercises fill in gerund or infinitive 4 print exercises and lessons. Review charts and rules for gerunds and infinitives as needed. A gerund is the ing form of a verb that functions the same as a noun. Gerunds used as objects level intermediate answer key my notes 1. Gerunds and infinitives exercises perfect english grammar.
What is something you have a hard time remembering. In this situation, try changing the sentence and saying what you want to say in a different way. Irregular verbs form their past participles in various ways for example, bend, bent. Gerunds the form of the verb that ends in ing is called a gerund when used as a noun. Gerunds can either stand alone, or they can take a noun the object of the gerund andor modifiers to form a gerund phrase. Gardening is normally a verb, but here it is the name of an activity. Since francisco was five years old, swimming has been his passion. To view and print this lesson, youll need to purchase a subscription. On this page you can try some gerund and infinitive exercises to test your knowledge in the first exercise there is a story about ali, who is. A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. In the english language, there are three basic types of verbals. Grammar worksheet gerunds used as subjects complete the sentences below by using the ing gerund form of the verbs on the right. The more you notice gerunds and infinitives in your study of the english language, the easier it will get. Infinitive is formed by adding to with a verb that acts as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb in a sentence.
The good news is that our threepart tutorial gives you twenty gerund and infinitive tips to take you from beginner to pro. Thus, gerunds will be subjects, subject complements, direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions. We are also going to have sheets for both recognizing the verbal by itself and then as a verbal phrase. It explains some verbs that are followed by gerund, the ones that are followed by infinitive and those that accpet both. Put the verb into either the gerund ing or the infinitive with to. Complete the following exercise with gerund or infinitive forms of the indicated verbs. Explanations and interactive exercises on grammar tenses and verb forms gerund beginner a2. Through a variety of writing and speaking exercises, students learn when to choose a gerund or infinitive and when either choice is possible. Gerunds vs infinitives 6 advanced gerunds vs infinitives exercise 7. Gerunds and infinitives can function as the subject of a sentence or the object of a. Passive infinitives and gerunds we use passive infinitives or passive gerunds to describe actions which are done to the subject. This lesson focuses on the form and function of gerunds and infinitives. Here in part 1, we introduce gerunds and infinitives and explain the basics of everyday usage. Because their function is that of a noun, gerunds may be used as the subject of a sentence.
Feelsee hear watch someone do doing i heard him tell you about the letter. A gerund is one of three classes of words called verbals words based on verbs and expressing an action or a state of being but serving another grammatical function. Both gerunds and infinitives can be used as the subject or the complement of a sentence. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund. Any verb ending in ing and used as a noun is a gerund. For exercises, you can reveal the answers first submit worksheet and print the page to have the exercise and the answers. Grammar worksheet all things grammar grammar focus gerunds used as objects level intermediate answer key my notes 1. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds. Gerunds, participles, and infinitives a verbal is a verb that functions as some other part of speech in a sentence. Gerund and infinitive worksheets are in pdf format and consist of a worksheet and answer sheet to check your results. English learners have difficulty with gerunds and infinitives.
When gerunds function as the objects of prepositions. Flying grades as percentages 15 15 100% 14 15 93 15 87 12 15 80 11 15 73 10 15 67. Present participles, on the other hand, complete progressive verbs or act as modifiers. We are going to take each of these separately in these worksheets. Gerunds are formed when an ing ending is added to a verb, and every infinitive is composed of to plus a verb. Gerund it is a verb form which ends in ing and works as a noun in the following cases. Defining a rule for the use of infinitive and gerund complements gregory conti corresponding author foreign language center of the university of perugia. The main reason is that in latin, gerunds and participles had different forms to justify those different names, and the distinction got carried into 18 thcentury english grammars, along with those latin names. A gerund is a verbal that is used as a noun and has an ing ending what is a gerund.
Functions in a sentence because they act like nouns, gerunds can be used as the subject of a sentence, the subject complement of the linking verb be. Following are some lists of the most common combinations. There are certain verbs that can only be followed by one or the other, and these verbs. Since it is a verb that acts like a noun, it is a gerund. Exercise 4 in pdf here choose a gerund or infinitive when it changes the meaning. Get all of our questions, plus many more, in an easy to access format. Gerund and infinitive pdf worksheets english vocabulary. A gerund is the ing form of a verb when it functions grammatically as a noun in a sentence. Gerunds and infinitives pdf worksheets english grammar pdf. Verbs followed by gerunds and infinitives infinitives and gerunds1 often occur after verbs. Because the gerund is a noun, it can be used in the subject or object position within a sentence. Gerund and infinitive phrases gerunds and infinitives are both verbals.
Complete the following sentences using a gerund or infinitive. Nov 09, 2014 complete the following sentences using a gerund or infinitive. A separate page deals with verbs that are followed by the gerund. A verbal is a verb form used as another part of speech. Page 1 of 15 verbals gerunds and participles gerunds a gerund is a verbal that ends in ing and functions as a noun. Gardening in the summertime is a challenge because of the heat. The following guidelines and lists will help you figure out whether a gerund or infinitive is needed. Gerunds and infinitives exercise 1 perfect english grammar. The gerund looks exactly the same as a present participle, but it is useful to understand the difference between the two. Exercise 2 in pdf here choose the gerund or infinitive for a list of twenty verbs. On this page you can try some gerund and infinitive exercises to test your knowledge in the first exercise there is a story about ali, who is taking the ielts test in order to go and study abroad. We use the gerund ing1 when the verb is the subject of a sentence reading on tablets and phones isnt very good for your eyes 2 after a preposition im tired of waiting. A gerund is used as a noun, but is formed by adding an actionword with ing.
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